Optimal thermal management on the storage vessle for cryogenic hydrogen-powered hybrid train

The paper proposes an optimal thermal management for subcooled liquid hydrogen system for hybrid hydrogen-powered train. A hybrid train simulator, combined with the cryogenic hydrogen defuelling model, is developed to predict the real-time hydrogen thermodynamic state inside the storage tank for the whole journey. Three strategies are carefully discussed for the corresponding stages of cryogenic hydrogen defueling process. The result shows different types of thermal management schemes need to be adopted to stabilise hydrogen output flow and keep the hydrogen state within safety standards while train operation.