Electric Vehicle Performance Enhancement Utilizing Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are vital in various applications, including electric vehicles (EVs) and microgrids. In comparison, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in ESSs, and challenges such as power density, thermal management, and cell voltage balance prompt the exploration of alternative solutions. Integrating supercapacitors (SCs) alongside batteries in hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) presents a promising solution. SCs can provide high bursts of power, extending battery lifespan and improving efficiency, especially during high-demand scenarios like acceleration and braking. Optimizing energy management strategies (EMS) is crucial to minimize operational costs and ensure practical battery usage within HESS. Different driving cycles, such as the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and World Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), provide insights into real-world driving conditions. HESS configurations and operational modes, including traction and regenerative braking, are essential for efficient EV operation. This study uses simulation models to investigate EVs' performance with HESS under various driving conditions, highlighting the system's stability and adaptability.