Morphogenetic Features of Soils on the Coast of the Svyatoy Nos peninsula (Eastern Baikal region)

The soils of the western coast of the Chivyrkuisky and Barguzinsky bays on the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula, the largest peninsula on Lake Baikal in the Republic of Buryatia, were studied. The morphogenetic characteristics of soils on the main types of coasts of the peninsula are given: low abrasion with isolated lagoons, low abrasion, accumulative and ingression. An important factor in the formation of soils is the differences in the rocks that make up the coasts of the bays. It is shown that the genesis of soils is determined by proximity to the lake and altitudinal location, which determines the difference in their structure and properties. Due to the high mountainous coasts, often rocky with steep slopes, the soils are not directly affected and flooded by lake water. The development of soils outside the floodplain regime is also typical for the soils closest to the lake level – sod-podzols, which occupy low accumulative types of shores. The studied soils revealed a wide range of granulometric composition: from loose sand to light clay. Similar properties of soils are the acidic and weakly acidic reaction of the environment, the regressive-accumulative nature of the distribution of humus content, and the differentiation of bulk oxides along the profile. Signs of podzolization in alpha-humus soils and clay formation in brown soils were diagnosed, due to sufficient moistening of the coasts and the warming influence of the lake’s water mass. The research results can be used in landscape planning in territorial organization and monitoring work in recreation areas.