Optimal allocation of electric vehicle charging stations and distributed generation in radial distribution networks

The widespread spread of electric vehicles requires the establishment of charging stations (EVCSs), and this is considered a large load on the network. This gives priority to distributing the stations in a way that reduces the load on the network, and in parallel, re-planning the network and supplying it with the necessary energy to maintain energy efficiency and power quality. Total energy loss minimization, voltage deviation minimization, and voltage stability index improvement are the considered power quality indices in the multi-objective function. Vehicle to grid (V2G) feature, distributed generation units (DG), and capacitor banks are used for improving system performance, by injecting the required active and reactive power. In addition, the initial and running costs of V2G, DG units, and capacitor banks are considered in the multi-objective function. The optimal sizing and allocation of charging stations, V2G, DG units, and capacitor banks are performed using a proposed Self-Adaptive Multi-Population Elitist JAYA (SAMPE-JAYA) algorithm and checked using the genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed algorithm is tested using various scenarios, two standard IEEE test systems. To emphasize the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm, it is applied on a real-world distribution system. To accommodate the optimal allocation of EVCS, which constitute 80.7 % and 78.9 % of the base active load for the IEEE 33 and 69 bus systems, respectively. Integrating DG amounting to 17.35 % and 18.25 % of the base load is necessary. Additionally, capacitor banks, contributing 36.84 % and 31.166 % of the reactive power load, are also required for effective voltage support and system reliability in each respective case.