Modelling the Identification and Classification of Military Air Objects Based on Machine Learning

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of developing systems for intelligent identification of military aircraft based on artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning technologies as an important task for ensuring national security and increasing the efficiency of military operations. The necessity of such systems capable of automatically accurately recognizing and classifying aircraft in images is substantiated. Their advantages over traditional methods are highlighted: higher performance, speed, accuracy, elimination of the human factor. The critical importance of implementing innovative deep learning solutions to identify threats and increase the effectiveness of military operations is emphasised. Modern methods and tools for object recognition in visual data are analysed. The proposed method of collecting and pre-processing data for model training is described in detail, and a diagram of the key stages of developing a high-precision recognition system based on YOLOv8 is presented. The process of forming a high-quality training dataset from public sources and own aerial survey/satellite images using Roboflow for object annotation, creating subsets for training/validation/testing in the YOLO format is presented. Satisfactory results of fast recognition of military aircraft with high classification probabilities are demonstrated. A comparative analysis of the YOLOv8, R-CNN and GPT-4 models is presented, which shows the advantage of YOLOv8 in terms of forecasting accuracy and speed. The created model management system for setting hyperparameters, selecting object categories, and launching training/prediction processes is described. The results of testing the trained YOLOv8 are presented, which confirmed its high efficiency in accurately detecting targets in difficult conditions due to advanced deep learning algorithms. The optimality of YOLOv8 for solving the problem of military aircraft identification is substantiated.