Investigating the relationships of writing behaviours to linguistic complexity and accuracy in independent and integrated writing task performance

Abstract In this study, we examined the extent to which fluency, pausing, and eye-gaze behaviours relate to linguistic complexity and accuracy in L2 independent and integrated writing task performance. Sixty Chinese L2 users of English performed two independent and two integrated TOEFL iBT tasks over two sessions. Their keystrokes and eye movements during task performance were captured. The written outputs were analysed in terms of linguistic complexity and accuracy. Linear mixed effects regression analyses revealed stronger relationships of fluency and pausing behaviours to linguistic complexity and accuracy for independent than integrated writing, while stronger relationships of eye-gaze behaviours to linguistic complexity and accuracy were identified for integrated than independent writing. In addition, we found that greater accuracy in writing was linked to shorter pause duration between words for independent writing and shorter forward saccades for integrated writing, writing behaviours associated with more automated linguistic encoding processes.