Comprehensive analysis of bioresorbable osteosynthetic systems across all domains of maxillofacial surgery: Innovations, applications and outcomes

Bioresorbable plate systems are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional metal implants in oral and maxillofacial surgery, presenting substantial advantages including reduced post-operative complications and the elimination of implant removal procedures. Constructed from biocompatible materials, these systems offer stable fixation essential for effective bone healing and remodeling. Titanium fixation systems offer strength and reliability in maxillofacial procedures, but bioresorbable systems are preferred due to reduced implant visibility, soft tissue irritation, and the elimination of hardware removal surgeries. While bioresorbable systems face challenges-such as comparatively lower mechanical strength, slower biodegradation rates, and specific material constraints-advances in bioactive and osteoconductive materials have greatly improved their functionality. This review comprehensively examines the materials, mechanical properties, clinical applications, and long-term outcomes of bioresorbable plate systems, emphasizing factors like biocompatibility, ease of application, and bone integration. It also addresses limitations related to mechanical strength and degradation rates, while outlining future directions in composite materials and biomaterials to enhance clinical performance and expand their applicability. The findings underscore the growing significance of bioresorbable plates in maxillofacial surgery and highlight the ongoing need for research to optimize these systems for broader clinical use.