Household fuel use, smoking and prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis in university students in Palestine: a cross-sectional study

Our study found that the AR prevalence rate is low when compared to the same population in other countries. Genetics, biomass fuel consumption, and e-smoking are all significant risk factors for AR in Palestine. An awareness campaign must be developed to educate university students and the general public about the risks of smoking, indoor air pollution, respiratory disorders, and AR. Longitudinal research is required to discover whether these associations are only transient.