Bridging the agricultural extension gap: Insights from the teaching-learning theories and models

This article explores various theories and models that inform the design of teaching-learning frameworks to bridge the agricultural extension gap. It identifies the complexities surrounding the agricultural extension gap, emphasizing the need for a multi-theoretical approach to effectively address the diverse needs of farmers. The theories reviewed include Multimedia Learning Theory, Adult Learning Theory, Social Learning Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Exchange Theory (SET), Resource-Based View (RBV), Actor-Network Theory (ANT), Information Systems Success Model, Contextual Integrity Theory, and Task-Technology Fit (TTF). The models discussed include the Diffusion of Innovations Model, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). By synthesizing these theories and models, the article provides a comprehensive understanding of how they can enhance agricultural extension services.