Genetic variability appraisal: Identifying potential chilli Capsicum annuum genotypes through detailed phenotypic analysis for breeding under drought prone regions in Tamil Nadu

Genetic diversity provides a broader genetic pool from which a breeder can select varieties that are resistant to climate change-related challenges. Diverse chilli genotypes are more likely to possess genes that confer resistance to emerging diseases and pests, reducing the need for chemical interventions. This study focused on identifying elite chilli genotypes suitable for rainfed conditions in the North-Western zone of Tamil Nadu, an area prone to dry spells during the growing season. Forty-two chilli genotypes were evaluated for growth and yield parameters, revealing significant variability among them. Genotypes, such as Sidlagatta local (SDL local), Japoni Longi and S2 local, exhibited superior performance in terms of fresh fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, fruit length and dry fruit yield. Correlation analysis indicated strong relationships between yield and various fruit characteristics, validating their importance for crop improvement. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted key traits contributing to genetic variance, such as plant height, number of primary branches and fruit dimensions, aiding in genotype selection for future targeted breeding programs. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes based on genetic similarity, suggesting potential strategies for hybridization to harness genetic diversity effectively. These findings emphasize the significance of genetic exploration and trait-based selection in enhancing chilli productivity under rainfed conditions amidst changing climatic scenarios.