Prognostic Impact of CD200 and CD56 Expression in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal malignant disease of hematopoietic tissue which results from a block of normal differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells along with uncontrolled proliferation of cells of myeloid origin with maturation arrest leading to infiltration of bone marrow and other tissues by myeloblasts. It escapes from immunosurveillance by induction of immunosuppression through expression of specific cell surface molecules with immune modulatory function. Novel immune-directed therapeutic approaches form a major focus of current and clinical research. Objective to assess the expression level of CD200 and CD56 in de-novo acute myeloid leukemia patients and evaluate the prognostic value of their positive expressions in patients with AML. Methods This Cohort study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals, on 51 newly diagnosed adult AML patients attending the Hematology Oncology Unit of Ain Shams University Hospitals from February, 2022 until June, 2023. Results CD200+ expression was reported in 74.5% of patients while 9.8% of patients showed CD56+ expression. M1-M2 were found to be the most common FAB subtypes. CD200+ was higher among female patients (p = 0.045). On the other hand, CD56+ patients were younger in comparison to CD56- patients (p = 0.002). Total death was higher among CD200+ patients than CD200- patients (p = 0.037). Conclusion Our study reveals that CD200 expression is associated with higher incidence of mortality which suggests a negative impact of CD200 expression on survival rate while CD56 is not associated with a significant mortality.