Histological Study of the Protective Effect of CoQ10 on Aluminium Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Adult Male Albino Rats' Hippocampus

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline associated with memory loss and dementia. Oxidative stress has a role as a cause of AD. Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) is a powerful antioxidant that buffers the potential adverse consequences of free radicals. Aim of the Work to detect the protective effect of CoQ10 on aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease in albino rats’ hippocampus histologically. Materials and Methods Thirty-six adult male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into four groups. Group I (control group) included 15 rats. Group II included 7 rats that were given CoQ10 dissolved in corn oil, at a dose of (200 mg/kg/day, by oral gavage) for 6 weeks. Group III included 7 rats that were received AlCl3 dissolved in distilled water, at a dose of (100 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) for 6 weeks. Group IV included 7 rats that were given AlCl3 along with CoQ10 for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, brains were excised and processed for light microscopic examination. Morphometrical measurements and statistical analysis were performed. Results Group III revealed many structural changes, such as disarrangement of the pyramidal cell layer in areas of the Cornu Ammonis of the hippocampus proper, which also exhibited deeply stained nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm that were the same for granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). CoQ10 administration ameliorated these histological alterations. Conclusion CoQ10 has a protective effect on AD induced by AlCl3 in rats.