Assessment of Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein (LAMP5) in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients and Correlation to Prognosis and Outcome

Abstract Background Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic plasma cell disorder that is characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite improved survival rates in the past decade, therapy is not curative, and almost all patients relapse. Aim of the Work In our study, we will measure level of (LAMP5) in multiple myloma patients using ELISA and correlation with patient data and outcome and prognosis. Patients and Methods This case control study was conducted on 32 patients with multiple myloma recruited from Ain Shams University Hospitals, Clinical Haematology and Oncology division of Internal Medicine Department in a period starting from august 2023 and January 2024. They were 21 females (65.6%) and 11 males (34.4%) with age ranged from 35 - 79 years and with mean±SD of 58.66±10.48 years. Results In our study a statistically significant difference was found. The mean LAMP5 in the case group is much higher than in the control group (p < 0.0001) suggesting that LAMP5 is highly expressed in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients using ELISA. In our study we found no correlation between LAMP5 overexpression and initial percentage of plasma cells infiltrating bonemarrow in aspirate, immunophenotyping and trephine. There was no correlation between highly expressed LAMP5 and initial percentage of M band and type of the band detected by immunofixation. Conclusion Along side with LAMP5 being highly expressed in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in our study with cut off point >1.96, it has 100% sensitivity and 96.87 specificity and we still need more sample size for better evaluation of its role in progression of myeloma and overall survival and prognosis.