The Value of Protein Carbonyl as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract Introduction Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) experience oxidative/carbonyl stress. oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression; during renal replacement therapy, oxidative stress-derived oxidative damage also contributes to the development of CKD systemic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, anemia, and impaired host defense. Aim of the Study The current study aimed to measure serum level of protein carbonyl as a marker of oxidative damage in prevalent hemodialysis patients and study its relation to nutritional status. Patients and Methods The study included 60 patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis and 30 apparently healthy people as a control group. Patients were subjected to clinical assessment, laboratory assessment of Hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, albumin, iron, transferrin, ferritin, Ca, Po4, CRP and parathyroid hormone. Serum protein carbonyls was measured using ELISA. Nutritional status was assessed with the subjective global assessment Results Serum assessment of Protein Carbonyl and CRP revealed significantly higher levels in ESRD group (mean 239.8±107.7 and 16.8±14.3 respectively) compared to controls (mean 72.2±16.7: 1±2.3 respectively) (P value < 0.001, P value < 0.001 respectively). Concerning nutritional status, significant worse nutritional status was detected among ESRD group compared to control group (P value < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between protein carbonyl and nutritional status (P value = 0.526). Conclusion Protein Carbonyl revealed significantly higher levels in ESRD group compared to controls, reflecting that ESRD patients exposed to severe oxidative stress.