Plasma Fibrinogen as a Diagnostic Marker in Sample Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Background Diabetes, a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, poses a significant global health challenge. Diabetic neuropathy, a nerve damage condition associated with diabetes, presents various clinical symptoms and contributes to the burden of diabetic complications. Aim of the Work The aim of the study to identify the relationship between the level of plasma fibrinogen and occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Patients and Methods A case-control study included 60 type 2 diabetic patients, equally divided into two groups: those with diabetic neuropathy (Group 2) and those without neuropathy (Group 1). Several clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated, including age, gender, diabetes duration, smoking habits, BMI, glycemic profile, lipid profile, fundus examination findings, and severity of neuropathic symptoms. Plasma fibrinogen levels were measured, and statistical analyses were performed. Results In our study, we found no significant differences between groups in age (p = 0.507), gender (p = 0.592), smoking (p = 0.389), and hypertension (p = 0.432). However, patients with diabetic neuropathy had longer diabetes duration (p = 0.019*). While BMI (p = 0.069) and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.265) showed no significant differences, diabetic neuropathy patients exhibited higher fasting blood glucose (p = 0.013*), 2 H PP blood glucose (p = 0.033*), HBA1C (p > 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.017*), triglycerides (p = 0.025*), and LDL (p = 0.019*), with lower HDL (p = 0.010) and higher albumin/creat ratio (p = 4.773*). Serum fibrinogen was significantly elevated in diabetic neuropathy patients, especially in those with more severe symptoms and PDR (p < 0.001*). Additionally, fibrinogen correlated positively with age (p = 0.009), diabetes duration (p < 0.001), fasting and 2 H PP blood glucose (p = 0.007, p = 0.010), HBA1C (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.03), triglycerides (p = 0.022), LDL (p = 0.013), albumin/creat ratio (p = 0.002), and inversely with HDL (p = 0.016). Regression analysis identified diabetes duration as the most significant predictor of hyperfibrinogenemia (p = 0.007). Serum fibrinogen >2.8 showed high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetic neuropathy, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic marker for this condition. Kidney function parameters, eGFR and creatinine levels, showed no significant differences between the two groups. Serum fibrinogen was significantly elevated in diabetic neuropathy patients, especially in those with more severe symptoms and PDR (p < 0.001*). Conclusion Our study had given us an Abstract about the role of the plasma fibrinogen in prediction the occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which help in control and management of this microvascular complication.