Effect of Fertilizers on Productivity and the Quality of Oilseed Flax Products

A review of domestic and foreign literature on the effect of fertilizers on the yield and quality of oilseed flax products (Linum usitatissimum L. ssp. intermedium) is given. It is shown that the use of fertilizers is an effective way to increase the seed productivity of flax. The effectiveness of fertilizers on the yield and oil content of seeds depends on many reasons: meteorological conditions during plant vegetation, fertilizer dosage, timing and methods of their application, methods of soil treatment, varietal characteristics, etc. In the first minimum, nitrogen acts to form an increase in the yield of oilseed flax seeds. Its optimal doses depend on environmental conditions and correspond to N30–60. At the same time, the best payback of 1 kg of applied nitrogen is achieved at a dose of no more than 30 kg of a.s./ha. The use of fertilizers is ambiguous, depending on the specific growing conditions: it affects the content of vegetable fat in seeds, reducing or increasing its concentration. At the same time, the use of fertilizers in most cases leads to an increase in oil collection per unit area. The database of removal of the main elements of nutrition (N, P2O5, K2O) by oilseed flax is presented. The average values and approximate intervals of the cost of nutrients per unit of basic production were calculated: for nitrogen they amounted to 34.8 kg/t (30.5–39.2 kg/t), phosphorus – 13.0 (11.4–14.5), and potassium – 29.9 kg/t (25.8–33.9 kg/t). They can be used as normative indicators when calculating fertilizer doses for the planned harvest.