Adult-onset Still's Disease in a Health Center: A Report of 10 Cases

Introduction: Adult-onset Still's disease is a rare systemic inflammatory disease in Africa. Observations have been published in Senegal. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study to establish the epidemiological profile of patients presenting with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) in a health center. The patients included met the diagnostic criteria of Fautrel and/or Yamaguchi. Results: During our study (2020-2024), we included 10 patients with a hospital incidence of 2 patients per year. The average age of the patients was 29.5 years ±11.9, ranging from 15 to 49 years. Females predominated with a sex ratio of 0.67. Clinical manifestations were polymorphic, dominated by fever (100%), inflammatory polyarthralgia (60%), tachycardia (80%), physical asthenia (70%), altered general condition (50%), and erythema (30%). The biological inflammatory syndrome was found in all patients. The glycosylated fraction of ferritin was depleted in all patients. We noted a good outcome after treatment with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day in all patients, methotrexate in six patients, and hydroxychloroquine in one patient. Conclusion: Adult-onset Still's disease is a rare condition, unknown to most practitioners. Its prognosis is severe, especially with visceral involvement.