What Is Prospects for Nong Khai Province Through Sino-Thai High-Speed Railway: Lessons Learned from Yunnan

High-speed rail (HSR) has become a significant catalyst for regional economic development and integration, particularly under initiatives such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This research investigates the development prospects of Nong Khai Province, Thailand, in terms of border trade facilitated by the Sino-Thai high-speed railway, drawing lessons from the impact of HSR on Yunnan Province, China. The study employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize key factors influencing border trade development based on insights from experts and senior executives in relevant public and private sector agencies. The findings reveal that infrastructural connectivity is the most critical factor, specifically emphasizing linking transportation systems through rail and land, improving public transport links, and developing digital infrastructure. Reduction of trade restrictions, mainly through streamlined customs procedures and tax reduction measures, is identified as the second most important factor. Human connectivity, including fast passport issuance and enhanced cultural exchanges, ranks third. Financial support mechanisms and policies promoting regional cooperation are also essential for maximizing the benefits of the high-speed rail project. By addressing these factors, Nong Khai Province can effectively leverage the opportunities presented by the Sino-Thai high-speed railway, fostering sustainable economic growth, and enhancing its role as a key player in regional trade. The study provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to optimize the economic potential of Nong Khai through improved connectivity and integration.