Future electrodes for sepsis detection: digital microfluidic biosensors from plant waste

Sepsis is a major global health concern, necessitating timely and accurate diagnosis for effective patient management. The standard diagnostic methods used to diagnose sepsis often face challenges in sensitivity and rapidity, prompting the exploration of innovative solutions such as microfluidic-based biosensors. Advances in digital microfluidic technology have garnered more interest as a promising approach in biomedical applications due to its unique ability to manipulate discrete fluid droplets on the surface, offering greater flexibility and precision. This paper presents the recent advancements of microfluidic and biosensor technology in sepsis diagnosis over the past ten years (2014–2024), highlighting their potential to revolutionize healthcare. Additionally, the integration of future electrode biosensor materials derived from plant waste is discussed, showcasing their eco-friendly and sustainable attributes in enhancing biosensor performance. Finally, this paper highlights a positive outlook on the future potential of digital microfluidic-based biosensors with green electrode nanomaterials for sepsis diagnosis, making them ideal for point-of-care applications addressing critical challenges in healthcare industries.