Suitability of rocks, minerals, and cement waste for CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering

Mineral and rock additions to the environment have been proposed as a pathway to remove atmospheric CO₂. This process occurs when hydrated minerals or rocks increase alkalinity, promoting the formation of bicarbonate. In this study, we evaluate the potential of commonly used hydrated rock and mineral powders to enhance alkalinity and react with both atmospheric and concentrated CO₂. Silicate minerals and rocks exhibit minimal reactivity with atmospheric CO₂ and provide moderate alkalinity enhancement. Volcanic rocks like basalt were shown to release CO₂. Ground cement and Mg(OH)₂, refined from CO₂-free ultramafic rock, significantly increase alkalinity and mineralize both atmospheric and concentrated CO₂. However, the effectiveness of cement waste is limit by its variable CaO content and potential heavy metal contributions. Overall, Mg(OH)₂, derived from silicates, offers a promising pathway for the removal and storage of CO_2.