Phasor estimation using micro-phasor measurement unit (μPMU) in distribution network for situational awareness

Abstract Phasor estimation plays a critical role in island detection, fault detection, voltage stability monitoring, and state estimation within power systems. This paper proposes a phasor estimation method using micro-Phasor Measurement Units (µPMUs) in a Smart Distribution Network. A µPMU model is developed utilizing a recursive Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm combined with high-precision filters to enhance accuracy. The optimal placement of µPMUs in the distribution network is determined using a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach for the IEEE 33 bus test system. The model is tested on the IEEE 33 bus system with Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) and Distributed Generators (DGs) under both nominal and off-nominal frequencies. The results comply with the IEEE C37.118.1 standard, achieving phasor magnitude errors as low as + 0.01% and frequency accuracy of 1 mHz with minimal ripple. This study demonstrates the robustness and precision of the µPMU model, highlighting its potential for enhancing real-time monitoring and control in smart grid applications.