Key Role and Optimization Dispatch Research of Technical Virtual Power Plants in the New Energy Era

This comprehensive review examines the key role and optimization dispatch of Technical Virtual Power Plants (TVPPs) in the new energy era. This study provides an overview of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), including their definition, development history, and classification into Technical and Commercial VPPs. It then systematically analyzes optimization methods for TVPPs from five aspects: deterministic optimization, stochastic optimization, robust optimization, and bidding-integrated optimization. For each method, this review presents its mathematical models and solution algorithms. This review highlights the significance of TVPPs in enhancing power system flexibility, improving renewable energy integration, and providing ancillary services. Through methodological classification and comparative analysis, this review aims to provide valuable insights for the design, operation, and management of TVPPs in future power systems.