Synbiotics, a promising approach for alleviating exacerbated allergic airway immune responses in offspring of a preclinical murine pollution model

Exposure to pollutants like environmental cigarette smoke (CS) poses a major global health risk, affecting individuals from an early age. Therefore, this study explores how postnatal synbiotic supplementation affects allergic asthma symptoms in house-dust-mite (HDM)- challenged offspring maternally exposed to CS. In HDM-allergic offspring of CS-exposed dams, lung resistance was elevated, but synbiotic supplementation effectively reduced this resistance. Elevated eosinophil BALF counts following HDM challenge were intensified in pups maternally exposed to CS. Similarly, Th2 cell activation and serum IgE and IgG1 levels were more pronounced in HDM-allergic offspring of CS-exposed mothers. Synbiotics reduced eosinophil numbers and serum IgE and IgG1, and tended to decrease Th2 cell infiltration and activation. Synbiotics promoted beneficial gut bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia. In conclusion, early-life synbiotic intervention mitigated allergic asthma associated with maternal air pollution exposure, highlighting the potential of synbiotics for clinical evaluation as a strategy to prevent allergy development in offspring.