Influence of Known Genetic Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis on People with Different Racial Backgrounds

Atherosclerosis, a key contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), presents significant health disparities among different racial groups due to variations in genetic risk factors. This review investigates the influence of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genes on atherosclerosis susceptibility across various racial backgrounds. ApoE polymorphisms, particularly the ε4 allele, are associated with elevated LDL cholesterol levels, contributing to higher atherosclerosis risk. PON1 activity, crucial for protecting lipoproteins from oxidative stress, also varies with racial background, influencing disease risk. A comprehensive literature search identified relevant studies, focusing on these genetic factors' prevalence and impact in different populations. The findings highlight significant racial differences in ApoE and PON1 distributions, underscoring the need for tailored prevention and treatment strategies. Understanding these genetic disparities is vital for developing precision medicine approaches to mitigate CVD risk and improve health outcomes across diverse racial groups.