An integrated risk prioritization and determination of activity-wise delay (IRPAD) framework for enhancing schedule management in tunnel projects

Purpose This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for addressing delays in tunnel construction projects by leveraging predictable risk factors. Tunnel projects often encounter scheduling delays due to inherent complexities and uncertainties, necessitating a proactive approach to prevent project underperformance. Design/methodology/approach The integrated risk prioritization and determination of activity-wise delay (IRPAD) framework is divided into four phases: identification and prioritization of risk factors, determination of activity-wise risk coefficients using MCDM-based methodology, obtaining the critical risk path, and developing an activity-wise risk matrix. Fault tree analysis (FTA) and event tree analysis (ETA) are employed to determine activity-wise risk coefficients based on expert responses. Findings The framework’s applicability in Indian tunnel projects is demonstrated through a real-world case study with 95% validation accuracy. The IRPAD framework enhances the delay analysis process and facilitates the provision of effective activity-wise mitigation measures. Practical implications The IRPAD framework predicts delays in infrastructure projects thus enhancing resilience and sustainability, supporting SDGs 9 and 11. It can be applied to a wide range of construction projects to improve project performance. Originality/value This research introduces novel concepts such as the three fold activity-wise risk matrix and the critical risk path, contributing to the development of the IRPAD framework for delay reduction. This framework offers valuable insights to practitioners in the construction industry.