High-performance room temperature 2.75 µm cutoff In<sub>0.22</sub>Ga<sub>0.78</sub>As<sub>0.19</sub>Sb<sub>0.81</sub>/Al<sub>0.9</sub>Ga<sub>0.1</sub>As<sub>0.08</sub>Sb<sub>0.92</sub> avalanche photodiode
Extended shortwave infrared (eSWIR) detectors capable of detecting wavelengths between 1.7 and 2.7 µm are useful for a wide range of applications, such as remote sensing and monitoring, but most of these detectors require cooling to reduce the dark currents. Identifying a suitable material that extends the wavelength range to well beyond 2 µm with minimal cooling is therefore important. The overall sensitivity of such a detector can be enhanced by using it in conjunction with a wide bandgap multiplication region which can increase the photocurrent via impact ionization. In this work, a systematic study of avalanche multiplication in seven Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 As 0.08 Sb 0.92 diodes lattice matched to GaSb shows that the electron impact ionization coefficient ( α ) is larger than the hole impact ionization coefficient ( β ), especially at low electric fields. Using In 0.22 Ga 0.78 As 0.19 Sb 0.89 (bandgap=0.45eV) as the absorber and Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 As 0.08 Sb 0.92 (bandgap=1.6eV) as the multiplier in a separate absorption, charge, and multiplication region avalanche photodiode configuration enabled room temperature optical detection up to 2.75 µm with a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >50% at the punch-through voltage ( V pt ) ∼2µm wavelength. This device demonstrates a low excess noise of F =4.5 at a multiplication of M =20, giving rise to a noise equivalent power for an unoptimized device of 1.69×10 −12 W/Hz. A maximum multiplied EQE of >2000% at 2 µm is achieved before a low breakdown voltage of 18.9 V, obtained using a novel undepleted absorber design. This work shows the possibility of a high sensitivity eSWIR detector capable of operating at room temperature.
Authors
- Chee Hing Tan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-9452)
- Qingyu Tian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7981-986X)
- Adam P. Craig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-3153)
- Xin Yi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-2398)
- Andrew Marshall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5653-7059)
- Xiao Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-3318)
- M. Carmichael
- Lindsay R. Gilder
- T. D. Golding
- Shishun Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2806-2628)
- J.P.R. David
Institutions
- Amethyst Research (United States) (US)
- Lancaster University Ghana (GH)
- Amethyst Research (United Kingdom) (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Optica
- Published
- 2024-11-20
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.539859
- Citations
- 13
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.71
Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council