State regulation of security technologies for educational protected spaces in areas of active hostilities: Ukrainian realities and international experience

The purpose of this work is the study of international experience and the substantiation of compliance with basic hygienic indicators when implementing atypical planning and construction solutions in new and existing institutions of general secondary education for the physical protection of participants in the educational process during the war in Ukraine. Materials and methods. Sanitary and hygienic, bibliometric and analytical methods were used in the work. Review. In Ukraine, in connection with the ongoing full-scale war and in order to protect students, there was an urgent need to solve the issue of protecting students, teachers and employees of the general institution of secondary education during the educational process, especially in those located in territories close to territories with active hostilities. The first special underground institution of general secondary education was opened in the city of Kharkiv – a bunker-type school, which corresponds to the current comprehensive policy of the Ministry of Education and Culture "School Offline". This institution of general secondary education is located in an underground space at a depth of 6 m. It is designed for a simultaneous capacity of 600 students of grades 1-11 (or 900 students in two shifts). The high cost of designing and building an underground institution of general secondary education limited its capacity, provision of a full set of functional groups of premises, including recreational, physical culture and sports, educational and production zones, provision of premises with natural lighting and insolation. For the implementation of this project, the architectural and planning and sanitary and hygienic standards have not been partially met, which may negatively affect the health of children and affect their quality of life in the future. In conditionally safe territories, it was proposed to arrange protected spaces in institutions of general secondary education, which also has a number of disadvantages and requires in-depth study. Conclusions. According to the results of the study of the international experience of extensive construction of underground institutions of general secondary education, none were found. However, the experience of building underground institutions of general secondary education with students staying during the school day is isolated, was carried out as an experiment and did not spread. The introduction of the latest constructive solutions (protected spaces) and the possibility of further expansion of the design and construction of underground institutions of general secondary education in Ukraine require careful study. Keywords. State regulation, world experience, institutions of general secondary education, bunker school, construction in underground space, educational protected spaces, children's safety.