Occurrence and Genotypic Identification of Blastocystis spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Bamaxiang Pigs in Bama Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Province, China

<i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> are common intestinal pathogens capable of infecting both humans and animals, which lead to severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases, posing a threat to public health. The Bamaxiang pig, a specialty of Bama Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi Province, China, is an important local breed in the regional pork market and an excellent model animal for biomedical research. Currently, no data is available on the prevalence or genotype distribution of these pathogens in Bamaxiang pigs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in three Bamaxiang pig farms located in Bama Yao Autonomous County, using molecular techniques based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (<i>SSU</i> rRNA) gene fragment of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of <i>E. bieneusi</i>. All positive PCR products from the 311 fecal samples were sequenced to identify the species and genotypes of these organisms. The overall infection rates of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> were 34.08% (106/311) and 18.32% (57/311), respectively. Three subtypes of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. were detected: ST1 (<i>n</i> = 8), ST3 (<i>n</i> = 3), and ST5 (<i>n</i> = 95). Among them, zoonotic ST5 was the dominant genotype, accounting for 89.62% (95/106) of strains, followed by the genotypes ST1 (7.54%, 8/106) and ST3 (2.83%, 3/106). Two genotypes of <i>E. bieneusi</i> were detected: EbpC (<i>n</i> = 52) and CHG23 (<i>n</i> = 5), with EbpC being the dominant genotype. The human-pathogenic subtypes (ST1, ST3, and ST5) and genotypes (EbpC, CHG23) that were observed in this study indicate a potential threat to public health. Our findings offer basic information for preventing and controlling these zoonotic pathogens in the study area. Additional investigations are necessary to better understand their genetic characteristics and zoonotic potential within Guangxi Province.