D-InSAR-Based Analysis of Slip Distribution and Coulomb Stress Implications from the 2024 Mw 7.01 Wushi Earthquake

On 23 January 2024, an Mw 7.01 earthquake struck the Wushi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The occurrence of this earthquake provides an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the rupture behavior and tectonic activity of the fault system in the Tianshan seismic belt. The coseismic deformation field of the Wushi earthquake was derived from Sentinel-1A ascending and descending track data using Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) technology. The findings reveal a maximum line-of-sight (LOS) displacement of 81.1 cm in the uplift direction and 16 cm in subsidence. Source parameters were determined using an elastic half-space dislocation model. The slip distribution on the fault plane for the Mw 7.01 Wushi earthquake was further refined through a coseismic slip model, and Coulomb stress changes on nearby faults were calculated to evaluate seismic hazards in surrounding areas. Results indicate that the coseismic rupture in the Mw 7.01 Wushi earthquake sequence was mainly characterized by left-lateral strike-slip motion. The peak fault slip was 3.2 m, with a strike of 228.34° and a dip of 61.80°, concentrated primarily at depths between 5 and 25 km. The focal depth is 13 km. This is consistent with findings reported by organizations like the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The fault rupture extended to the surface, consistent with field investigations by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Earthquake Bureau. Coulomb stress results suggest that several fault zones, including the Kuokesale, Dashixia, Piqiang North, Karaitike, southeastern sections of the Wensu, northwestern sections of the Tuoergan, and the Maidan-Sayram Fault Zone, are within regions of stress loading. These areas show an increased risk of future seismic activity and warrant close monitoring.