Mediating Effects of Depressive Symptoms and Uncertainty on Physical Symptoms and Self-Care in Korean Older Men With Heart Failure

The findings reveal depressive symptoms and disease uncertainty significantly mediate the relationship between physical symptoms and self-care behaviors in older South Korean men with heart failure. In light of this, cardiovascular nurses should join in targeted educational initiatives tailored to address the unique needs of older men with heart failure that consider psychological factors such as depressive symptoms and uncertainty as well as physical symptom management.