The interplay of online attributes and learning modes in shaping satisfaction and effectiveness in online learning

Abstract This study aims to identify key factors influencing the performance and satisfaction of students in online courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey of 545 Indian university students was conducted, and structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. The results highlight four critical factors high-quality instruction, well-designed courses, timely feedback, and high expectations that positively impact student satisfaction, which, in turn, enhances performance. These findings underscore the importance of these elements in managing online education effectively. The study offers valuable insights for optimizing online learning environments to boost student satisfaction and overall effectiveness.