Investigation on an X-Band Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator Driven by a Dual-Exponential Voltage Pulse

Diminishing the dimensions and weight of high-power microwave (HPM) sources at the gigawatt level holds paramount significance in numerous pragmatic applications. Existing HPM sources typically necessitate a precisely rectangular driving pulse, mandating intricate pulse-forming apparatus for the driving source. In this context, our proposal aims to streamline the driving source and alleviate its weight by advocating the utilization of a readily available dual-exponential voltage pulse to drive an X-band relativistic backward-wave oscillator (RBWO). Through detailed particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we examine the operational efficiencies of an RBWO driven by dual-exponential voltage pulses. We delve into the spectral properties, power level, and temporal profiles (including rising time, saturation time, and pulse duration) of the resultant HPM generation driven by a dual-exponential voltage pulse, all meticulously delineated and comparable to conventional rectangular-pulse driving scenarios. Our findings underscore the potential of dual-exponential voltage pulses in driving HPM sources, highlighting their compactness and cost-effectiveness as significant advantages.