Open knowledge through soft power, diplomacy, and the library: A theoretical analysis and critique

This paper explores global justifications for open knowledge in higher education and research. Drawing on library and information, scholarly communications, and international relations scholarship, it addresses the question “How are university libraries positioned as actors in soft power and diplomacy approaches to open knowledge?” Justifications for open knowledge often reflect soft power approaches and focus on influence, legitimacy, and reputation in higher education. This framing sees international research strategies become extractive and unidirectional, with competitive undertones. By problematizing the competitive qualities of soft power justifications, this paper advances a knowledge diplomacy approach to library advocacy for open knowledge. Libraries are positioned to contribute to strengthening inclusive and collaborative open practices globally through an open knowledge diplomacy framework.