AgriFusion: A Low‐Carbon Sustainable Computing Approach for Precision Agriculture Through Probabilistic Ensemble Crop Recommendation

ABSTRACT Optimizing crop production is essential for sustainable agriculture and food security. This study presents the AgriFusion Model, an advanced ensemble‐based machine learning framework designed to enhance precision agriculture by offering highly accurate and low‐carbon crop recommendations. By integrating Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and LightGBM, the model combines their strengths to boost predictive accuracy, robustness, and energy efficiency. Trained on a comprehensive dataset of 2200 instances covering key parameters like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, temperature, humidity, pH, rainfall, and crop type, the model underwent rigorous preprocessing for data integrity. The RandomizedSearchCV method was employed to do hyperparameter tuning, namely improving the number of trees in the Random Forest algorithm and the learning rates in the Gradient Boosting algorithm. This ensemble approach achieves a remarkable accuracy rate of 99.48%, optimizes computer resources, lowers carbon footprint, and responds efficiently to a variety of agricultural situations. The model's performance is confirmed using metrics including cross‐validation, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. This demonstrates how the model might improve agricultural decision‐making, make the most use of available resources, and promote ecologically responsible farming practices.