Determination of Hormonal Growth Promotants in Beef Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Hormonal growth promotants (HGPs) are a class of pharmaceutical agents commonly administered to cattle in the United States to improve growth rates of the animal, alter behavior, or to improve the desired characteristics of retail cuts of meat. There is a concern that low residual concentrations of HGPs may remain in tissue after slaughter, and consumption of tissues containing these compounds may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, including cancer. Sensitive and selective methods are necessary to assess exposure of HGPs by populations that consume meat products from animals that may have been administered HGPs. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to detect the low-level presence of HGPs including estradiol, testosterone, estradiol benzoate, melengestrol, melengestrol acetate, progesterone, testosterone propionate, trenbolone, trenbolone acetate, and α-zearalanol in retail cuts of meat following a liquid-liquid extraction using a high pH solution with 30-50× less mass of meat required as compared to similar approaches. Good chromatographic performance and sensitivity was achieved utilizing ammonium fluoride as a mobile phase additive without the need for derivatization. Validation parameters including accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effects, limits of detection, limits of quantitation, linear range, and stability were determined. The limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 ng/g, depending on the compound, with adequate accuracy and precision without the need for extensive sample preparation approaches.