Hybrid stenting through direct ventricular access for severe stenosis of the pulmonary venous baffle after atrial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: a case report

This case provides an alternative access to the PVB by left lateral mini-thoracotomy and apical ventricular access. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges in decision-making and the importance of the multidisciplinary collaboration between adult congenital cardiologist, the echocardiographer, and cardiac surgeon as well as the flexibility in interventional techniques to individualize the management of such cases.