Microwave‐Assisted Fe ₃ O ₄ Nanoparticles Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 3‐(1,4,5‐Triaryl‐1 <i>H</i> ‐imidazol‐2yl)quinolin‐2‐amines as COX‐1, COX‐2 Inhibitors and Antioxidant Agents

ABSTRACT A proficient Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle catalyzed cascade multicomponent synthetic protocol has been established to synthesize the title compounds. 2‐Chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes, aniline, and substituted benzils were subjected to cascade coupling to produce novel 3‐(1,4,5‐triaryl‐1 H ‐imidazol‐2‐yl)quinolin‐2‐amine 5k–z under microwave irradiation using Fe 3 O 4 NPs. According to the biological data and the computational analysis, the compounds were found to bind COX‐2 enzyme superior than the COX‐1 enzyme. The molecular docked positions of the compounds (PDB ID: 4O1Z and PDB ID: 5IKR; A chain) were examined, and the results showed that these configurations are similar to those of the highly selective COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibitors. Compared to mefenamic acid (1.318 μg), the compounds 5k , 5l , 5n , 5p , 5q , 5r , 5s , 5t , 5v , 5x , and 5z Showed IC 50 values of 1.172, 1.136, 1.508, 1.0373, 1.186, 1.017, 1.827, 1.008, 1.504, 1.217, 1.440, and 1.832, respectively, making them the most effective and selective COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibitors. For every significantly active molecule, a selectivity index was calculated. Interestingly, these molecules that worked as COX inhibitors also functioned well and showed promising results for antioxidant activity.