Microorganisms and microbial metabolites: The next frontier in skincare products

Abstract. Microorganisms and microbial metabolites are important resources for skincare product ingredients. The development of synthetic biology has brought more opportunities for the application of microorganisms and their metabolites in skincare products. With increasing consumer interest in natural and probiotic skincare, market acceptance of microbial metabolites is also gradually improving. However, this trend faces challenges such as regulatory issues, technical difficulties, and cost constraints. This paper explores the application prospects of microorganisms and their metabolites in skincare products, focusing on a review of several major microorganisms and their metabolites, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their mechanisms of action in skincare. Additionally, it analyzes the potential application value of other microorganisms in skincare, such as Cutibacterium acnes and Streptococcus thermophilus, which have also been found to have positive effects on skin health. Finally, the review identifies the current opportunities and challenges faced by microorganisms and their metabolites in the skincare field, providing direction for future research.