New Development of Vaccine Technology in Tumor Therapy

Abstract. Cancer vaccines are a crucial component of tumors immunotherapy, offering the advantage of minimizing adverse reactions to induce tumor regression. They also enable the establishment of lasting anti-tumor memory. Recent years have seen significant breakthroughs in cancer vaccines, including the customization of personalized vaccines and the transition from passive immunization to active treatment. Currently, most cancer vaccine future goals focus on improving cost and efficiency such as combining immunology and bioinformatics to predict more accurate vaccine epitopes. This paper focuses on three innovative technologies in therapeutic cancer vaccines: cell vaccine, peptide cancer vaccine and nucleic acid cancer vaccine. This paper summarizes new selection of antigen-presenting cells for autologous tumor cell vaccine and allogeneic tumor cell vaccine, new research on adjuvants of peptide cancer vaccines and new nucleic acid cancer vaccine delivery platform. In addition, the combination of therapeutic vaccines is briefly discussed. These new technologies offer cancer patients new treatment options and hope.