Instrumentation and application of the CRISPR-Cas system

Abstract. The CRISPR-Cas gene editing system has revolutionized molecular biology by providing a versatile and precise method for genetic manipulation. We explore the basic mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas technology, focusing on the role of Cas proteins and guide RNAs in targeting and cleaving specific DNA sequences. Various types of CRISPR-Cas systems are also discussed, focusing on the widely used CRISPR-Cas9, and their applications in genome editing, including gene knockout, gene knock-in, and gene regulation. Additionally, we present advances in CRISPR-Cas technologies, such as base editing and plasmid editing, demonstrating their potential for therapeutic applications. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the status and applications of CRISPR-Cas technology and its future directions in gene editing.