New biological dressings in diabetic wound healing: Dual effects of anti-infection and immune regulation

Abstract. As a global epidemic, one of the complications of diabetes is chronic difficult heal wounds, especially infectious wounds, which pose a major threat to the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Traditional dressing materials (gauze, film, foam) often have limited effect, and can easily lead to prolonged treatment cycles and antibiotic resistance. In recent years, as an innovative wound management strategy, biological dressings (hydrogels, fiber scaffolds, microneedle patches) have attracted extensive attention due to their antibacterial effect, inhibition of infection, regulation of the body's immune system, promotion of tissue repair, and good biocompatibility. Here, we discuss the impact of diabetes on the body's immune system, tissue cells, and metabolic processes. In addition, we reviewed the specific mechanisms of different biological dressings in the treatment of diabeti-infected wounds. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future research directions.