PCSK9 inhibitors in the research progress of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

Abstract. Atherosclerosis is a major global health issue, with cardiovascular diseases leading to over 4 million deaths in China in 2019. Effective management of atherosclerosis is crucial for reducing its incidence and mortality, with LDL-C reduction being a key strategy. This study examines the role of PCSK9 in atherosclerosis and the therapeutic potential of PCSK9 inhibitors, focusing on their ability to lower LDL-C levels and prevent cardiovascular events A literature review was conducted, analyzing the mechanisms of PCSK9 in lipid metabolism and the efficacy of various PCSK9 inhibitors, including monoclonal antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, and small interfering RNA. PCSK9 inhibitors, such as Alirocumab, evolocumab, and Inlisiran, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing LDL-C levels. Inlisiran, in particular, offers a long-lasting effect and has shown significant potential in clinical trials. Nucleic acid-based treatments are emerging as promising options with advantages such as sustained efficacy and a broad application scope, despite the need for further research to address delivery and off-target effects.