Chapter 7: The Rights of European Minorities in the Fields of Participation, Citizenship, and Transfrontier Exchanges—International Developments in 2022

Abstract The report offers an overview of international developments in 2022 relating to the rights of European national or ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples linked to participation, citizenship, and transfrontier exchanges. The activities of the major international organisations and bodies are covered in this article, such as the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the European Union. Special attention is paid to the implementation of the two international treaties: the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.