Plasmablastic Lymphoma Manifesting As Pleural Thickening and Effusion: A Case Report

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PbL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, primarily linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This case report presents a 34-year-old HIV-positive patient who exhibited unusual signs of pleural thickening and effusion. Initial evaluations, including imaging and pleural fluid analysis, suggested thoracic empyema. However, histopathological examination ultimately revealed a diagnosis of PbL. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) chemotherapy were initiated, but the patient passed away within a few months. This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing PBL and its poor prognosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, stressing the importance of early detection and intervention.