Stress distribution of customized abutment material and angles in dental implant systems: A finite element study

Aim: This study aims to use finite element analysis to evaluate stress distribution in implant components, restoration materials, and biological tissues for implants placed at different angles using various customized abutment materials. Methodology: 3D models of a three-member implant-supported fixed prosthesis were created using SolidWorks, with implants placed at positions 44 (4I) and 46 (6I). These models were imported into EXOCAD to design prosthetic restorations on custom abutments at three angles: straight (KD0), 10° (KD10), and 20° (KD20). Abutments were made from alumina (AL), titanium (TI), and zirconia (ZI). A 150 N load was applied to the occlusal table at a 30° angle in the buccolingual direction. Stress distribution was measured as von Mises Stress (vMS) values. Results: For implants, the lowest vMS value was observed in the KD0-AL group (4I: 9.984 MPa, 6I: 22.91 MPa), while the highest vMS value was found in the KD20-TI group (4I: 25.30 MPa, 6I: 42.03 MPa). Custom abutment and custom abutment screws (in general) showed higher vMS values in the AL material and lower vMS values in the TI material. In contrast, for cortical bone and restoration material, higher vMS values were observed in the TI material and lower vMS values in the AL material. Conclusion: Dental implants require effective stress distribution from occlusal loads to ensure long-term success. Excessive stress on the abutment and abutment screw can compromise the prosthetic outcome. Therefore, titanium (TI) abutments are preferred in the posterior region for their durability despite being less aesthetically pleasing. Additionally, a higher implant angle reduces strength, negatively impacting the implant's performance. How to cite this article: Mohammad R, Demirel MG, Erdoğdu M. Stress distribution of customized abutment material and angles in dental implant systems: A finite element study. Int Dent Res 2024;14(S1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.5577/indentres.567