3D-printed microfluidic device for cerebrospinal fluid diversion: Design, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of an alternative shunting device

Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, resulting in increased intracranial pressure and potentially life-threatening complications. Conventional treatment is CSF shunt implantation but, particularly in pediatric patients, this is fraught with high failure rates of 40 % at 2 years and 98 % at 10 years. In pursuit of improving current treatment of communicating hydrocephalus, we developed a 3D-printed microfluidic chip that uses flexible material and features a one-way valve to prevent backflow. To evaluate chip performance, we measured flow rate and differential pressure in vitro. We also cultured astrocytes on the device to assess the potential for cellular attachment. The results revealed minimal cellular attachment and absence of obstruction. The ability of this microfluidic chip to effectively regulate CSF flow highlights the potential of microfluidic technology and demonstrates this device’s capacity to serve as a model for the next generation of CSF shunt devices. • Developed a 3D-printed catheter-free microfluidic chip for the treatment of hydrocephalus. • The chip's ring-valve structure prevents reverse flow at low rates while adapting to ICP changes. • The chips had stable hydrodynamics, 60–120 mmH 2 O cracking pressures, and minimal leakage. • Human astrocytes cultured on the chip showed minimal cell attachment and no obstruction. • Chips effectively regulate CSF flow, showcasing potential for next-gen shunt devices.