Physical and sports activity of Russians: trends and developments over 20 years (analytical review)

In the 21st century, the Government of the Russian Federation made important decisions related to healthy lifestyle of the population and the development of physical education and sports (PES). The review of sociological studies of physical and sports activities of Russian citizens is of interest considering the results of mass sports development in Russia. The aim of this review is to trace the trends of PES popularity among Russians for over two decades and the variation of Russian citizens’ opinions on the creation of conditions for such activities. We analyzed various surveys and scientific papers from the RSCI database on the topic (n = 43) using the traditional data review and collation method. The calculations were made using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Surveys from 2006 to 2018 showed a positive trend in the popularity of PES among Russians. Respondents more often noted that there were sports facilities at their place of residence. Recent studies have shown that the citizens are increasingly satisfied with the conditions created for physical and sports activities. However, they have not identified any positive trends in the popularity of such activities or the use of relative facilities. To further involve Russians in physical and sports activities, it is important to raise awareness of the population, publicize expert opinions on human physical activity, address specific motives that encourage people to engage in physical and sports activities and the reasons for refusing to do so in various demographic groups. The wishes of citizens in relation to construction of new sports facilities shall be linked to their capabilities, including free time and financial resources to pay for attractive sports services. Comprehensive research into these issues and analysis of statistics on the provision of sports and fitness services may be the basis for a policy of providing benefits to encourage Russians to engage in physical and sports activities, and adjusting the standards for providing sports facilities to the population.