High-Resolution Remotely Sensed Evidence Shows Solar Thermal Power Plant Increases Grassland Growth on the Tibetan Plateau

Solar energy plays a crucial role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in the context of global climate change. However, its deployment for green electricity generation can significantly influence regional climate and vegetation dynamics. While prior studies have examined the impacts of solar power plants on vegetation, the accuracy of these assessments has often been constrained by the availability of publicly accessible multispectral, high-resolution remotely sensed imagery. Given the abundant solar energy resources and the ecological significance of the Tibetan Plateau, a thorough evaluation of the vegetation effects associated with solar power installations is warranted. In this study, we utilize sub-meter resolution imagery from the GF-2 satellite to reconstruct the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) at the Gonghe solar thermal power plant through image classification, in situ sampling, and sliding window techniques. We then quantify the plant’s impact on FVC by comparing data from the pre-installation and post-installation periods. Our findings indicate that the Gonghe solar thermal power plant is associated with a 0.02 increase in FVC compared to a surrounding control region (p < 0.05), representing a 12.5% increase relative to the pre-installation period. Notably, the enhancement in FVC is more pronounced in the outer ring areas than near the central tower. The observed enhancement in vegetation growth at the Gonghe plant suggests potential ecological and carbon storage benefits resulting from solar power plant establishment on the Tibetan Plateau. These findings underscore the necessity of evaluating the climate and ecological impacts of renewable energy facilities during the planning and design phases to ensure a harmonious balance between clean energy development and local ecological integrity.