Association of the use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes or dual use with hypertension and mortality in hypertensive individuals: Insights from NHANES 2015–2018

This study shows that electronic/combustible cigarette use or dual use increased risk of hypertension. E-cigarettes were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Notably, the increased risk of mortality among e-cigarette users may be due to underlying, pre-existing comorbidities related to prior combustible cigarette use. Findings from the study provide evidence of the benefits of e-cigarette use control, especially among individuals with hypertension.