Gibberellins treatment or stratification can break dormancy of the seeds of three Ranunculus species native to Korea

In this study, the seed germination and dormancy characteristics of three Ranunculus species native to Korea (R. cantoniensis, R. chinensis, and R. sceleratus) were determined to establish an effective dormancy-breaking protocol. The results revealed that the R. cantoniensis, R. chinensis, and R. sceleratus seeds responded differently to treatment with gibberellins (GAs) and stratification. Warm stratification at 20℃ increased the germination percentage and partially broke the dormancy of the R. cantoniensis seeds; moreover, the germination temperature range of the seeds expanded upon treatment with high-concentration GA_{4 + 7}. Meanwhile, neither cold nor warm stratification was effective at breaking the dormancy of R. chinensis seeds; however, high-concentration GA_{4 + 7} treatment broke the dormancy of the seeds by expanding the germination temperature range. Lastly, the R. sceleratus seeds did not respond to the treatment with GAs; however, their germination percentage increased after undergoing warm stratification at 25℃. The seeds of these three species were characterized as exhibiting nondeep morphophysiological dormancy. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the temperature-related germination responses of the three Ranunculus species, offering valuable insights into their conservation and utilization.